Genetic Passport® Check-Up has been selected among the most common genetic diseases, that are triggered by environmental conditions. Genetic Passport® DNA analysis is interpreted with the support of the proprietary GPRR™ (Genetic Passport Risk Rating) system.
All in one //
BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women. The disorder affects both males and females, but the incidence in males is 100 times lower. The estimated heritability of breast cancer varies from 5% to 10%. Although breast cancer has been studied extensively over recent years, there is little known about the exact causes of this disorder, although they are most likely complex interactions between genetic makeup and environmental factors. There are many options for breast cancer treatment, depending on the type and stage of cancer and overall health condition. Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and radiation.
Breast cancer risk factors: Gender (female) / Older age / Family history / Inherited known mutations in genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 / Obesity / Menopausal hormone therapy / Having no children or first child over the age of 35 / Radiation exposure to the chest / Alcohol intake / Smoking / Beginning menopause at an older age / Beginning menstruation before 12 years.
LUNG CANCER
Lung cancer (LC) occurs when cancer cells form in the cells lining the air passages in the lungs. LC remains the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women worldwide. The heritability of lung cancer has been clearly established and account for 8%. The most important environmental factor that causes the LC is exposure to tobacco smoke through both active and passive smoking (85% of all cases). The disease affects women over 60 years twice more than men. To date, quitting smoking has been shown to reduce the risk of LC. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy.
LC risk factors: Smoking / Passive smoking / Exposure to radon gas / Biomass fuels / Coal burning / Exposure to arsenic, asbestos, silica / Solid fuels while cooking and heating (formaldehyde and benzene) / Gender (female).
COLLERACTAL CANCER
Colorectal cancer (CC), also known as colon cancer, occurs when cancer cells form in the tissue of the colon. CC is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide, accounting for 9% of all cancer incidences. It affects men and women equally and is mainly a disease of developed countries. The estimated heritability of CC is 65%. CC survival chance is highly dependent on the stage of diagnosis. CC mostly begins with the formulation of noncancerous clumps of cells, called adenomatous polyps, which may turn to cancer during the latency period. Polyps treatment is one of the most important CC preventions. CC has a lot of environmental risks that can be regulated, helping to prevent cancer.
CC risk factors: Older age / Adenomatous polyps / Family history / Inherited syndromes (Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis) / Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and colitis) / Race (African-Americans) / Diet high in fat and red meat, low in fiber / Obesity / Smoking / Alcohol abuse.
GASTRIC CANCER
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and is more common in Asia, South America, and Eastern Europe. The disorder occurs up to 2.5 times more often in men than in women. GC is rarely found in patients younger than 40 years. Most GCs occur sporadically, whereas 8% to 10% have an inherited familial component. GC often produces no specific symptoms and therefore diagnosis is often delayed. Patients may exhibit anorexia and weight loss (95%) as well as abdominal pain that is vague and insidious in nature. GC is highly preventable by avoiding smoking and keeping a healthy lifestyle. Treatment depends on the stage of GC and overall health condition and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs.
GC risk factors: Older age / Gender (male) / Helicobacter pylori infections / Diet high in salted, pickled or smoked food / Eating foods contaminated with aflatoxin fungus / Type A blood / Pernicious anemia / Family history / Smoking / Obesity / Lynch syndrome / Asbestos exposure.
BLADDER CANCER
Bladder cancer affects people mostly after the age of 40; the median age at diagnosis is 73 years. The disorder occurs 3-4 times more often in men than in women. The estimated heritability for bladder cancer is 31%. Bladder cancer can be characterized by non-muscle invasive lesions (60%) and aggressive muscle-invasive lesions (40%) that are mostly associated with a high mortality rate. There are few symptoms to detect this disorder: increased frequency of urination, pain or burning during urination, blood in the urine, and being unable to urinate. The efficacy of treatment depends on the clinical stage and the associated risk factors. Treatment options may include surgery, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
Bladder cancer risk factors: Smoking / Gender (male) / Ethnicity (Caucasian) / Environmental toxins (arsenic, aromatic amines) / Previous cancer treatment (cyclophosphamide) / Certain diabetes medications (pioglitazone, metformin) / Chronic bladder inflammation / Family history of Lynch syndrome.
PROSTAD CANCER
Prostate cancer (PC) is mainly localized in the male prostate (the gland that produces seminal fluid). Early detection of PC may allow a better chance for successful treatment. The incidence of PC is increased in industrialized countries and accounts for 9.7% of all cancers in men worldwide (15.3% in developed and 4.3% in developing countries). The mean age of patients with PC is 72-74 years. PC has a long latency period, varying from 5 to 15 years. Population-wide studies have estimated that heritability of PC is 43%. Studies of 40 populations have shown that PC is positively associated with diets that include a high intake of fat, red meat, and dairy products. Treatment options include radiation therapy, hormonal treatment, surgery, cryosurgery, chemotherapy. For a very early stage and asymptomatic PC, the immediate treatment may not be needed; regular follow-ups are recommended to monitor PC progression.
PC risk factors: Older age / Race (African American) / Family history of prostate or breast cancer / T2D / Smoking.
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the most common type of skin cancer, is characterized by slow growth, localization, and a very rare metastatic rate, less than 0.1%. Various epidemiological studies have found sun exposure as the main environmental trigger of BCC. The incidence rate of BCC is higher in places with increased sun exposure levels, e.g. equator and northern territories of Australia. Sun exposure (UV light) is associated with cancer due to the ability of UV radiation to induce direct mutations of DNA. According to the population-based analyses, estimated genetic factors account for 7.7%. Mortality of BCC is low, but the malignancy of disorder is associated with lifetime healthcare costs. Treatment depends on the size, type, depth, and location of cancer and may include freezing, surgery, cryotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, etc.
BCC risk factors: Excessive sun exposure / Tanning devices / Fair skin, light hair and eye color / Older age / Viral infections / Immunosuppression / Psoriasis treated with psoralen + UVA Radiotherapy.
MELANOMA
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, affecting melanocytes (cells producing skin pigment melanin). Melanoma may also occur in eyes, and rarely in intestines. Although it accounts for only 4% of all skin cancer types, it causes 80% of skin cancer deaths. If the condition is recognized and treated early, it is almost always curable. There is a broad spectrum of protection strategies. Doctors recommend sun avoidance between 10 am and 4 pm. When sun cannot be avoided, use sun protective clothing and sunscreens with SPF of 15 and higher. Total avoidance of artificial UV sources is highly advised. Treatment depends on the size, stage, and location of cancer. Early-stage melanoma is removed by biopsy; for spreading melanoma, surgery is used to remove affected lymph nodes. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy, and targeted therapy may be also used.
Melanoma risk factors: Sunlight overexposure / Tanning devices / Gender and age (female under 40, male over 40) / Family history / Melanocytic nevi (unusual moles).
CORONARY ARTERY
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a group of diseases such as stable and unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and arteriosclerosis. CAD is the main cause of death and disability worldwide and represents a complex disease with both genetic and environmental determinants. CAD is a result of plaque buildup in a person’s arteries blocking blood flow that transports oxygen and vital nutrients necessary for the proper functioning of the heart. Heritability factors for CAD risk account for 30–60% of the interindividual variation. Prevention of CAD involves a combination of lifestyle factors and physiological parameters, often combined with medications. In the case of treatment, medications play a central role in reducing mortality in patients with CAD.
CAD risk factors: Older age / Gender (male) / Smoking / Diabetes status / Angina or heart attack in a 1st degree relative < 60 / Chronic kidney disease / Atrial fibrillation / Blood pressure treatment / Rheumatoid arthritis / HDL level / BMI.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by the absence of coordinated atrial contractions. In the case of AF, the heart rate rises to 180 beats (normal rate 60-80) per minute, lasting from seconds to days. Symptoms include shortness of breath and weakness. AF affects nearly 1% of the population, prevalence is 1.5 times higher among men. AF in the general population is heritable. For treatment, electrical cardioversion or anti-arrhythmic medications are used. If the medications are not working, catheter or surgical procedures are applied.
AF Risk factors: Older age / High blood pressure / Coronary heart disease / Heart failure / Rheumatic heart disease / Myocardial infarction / Heart valve defects / Pericarditis / Congenital heart defects / Hyperthyroidism, sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney and lung diseases / Alcohol use / Obesity / Family history.
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) occurs when plaque, formed from fat, cholesterol, calcium, fibrous tissue, and other substances in the blood, builds up in the walls of the arteries, causing problems with heart, brain, and other organs. To date, this disorder is often underdiagnosed, poorly understood, and much more common than was expected a few years ago. It is estimated that ca. 12% of the adult population worldwide has PAD and this disease affects men and women equally. PAD may be asymptomatic or have various symptoms such as rest pain, ischemic ulcers, gangrene, atypical leg pain. Studies have demonstrated 58% of the genetic heritability of PAD. There are several ways to treat PAD, such as smoking cessation, lipid-lowering therapy, hypertension management, and antithrombotic therapy.
PAD risk factors: Smoking / Older age / Diabetes / Hypertension / Hyperlipidemia / Obesity / Metabolic syndrome / Chronic kidney disease.
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a term defining deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or both. VTE is characterized by blood clots in a vein, which can grow and dislocate. VTE is associated with morbidity and mortality. VTE affects 2% to 5% of the population. About 30% of surviving patients develop recurrent VTE within 10 years. The incidence of VTE differs by age, race, and gender, with a higher prevalence in white men aged 45-79. To date, anticoagulant therapy is the main treatment for symptoms, also helping reduce recurrent VTE risk. One major side effect is the increased risk of hemorrhage, which may be fatal in up to 25% of cases. For life-threatening situations, thrombolytics and surgical clot removal are used. Temporary inferior vein filters are used in patients with a high risk of deep vein thrombosis.
VTE risk factors: Family history / Surgery / Trauma / Chronic disease / Obesity / Pregnancy / Oral contraceptives / Hormone replacement therapy / Cancer Immobility / Dehydration / Smoking.
INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is characterized by weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery causing ballooning of the blood vessels in the brain with devastating consequences. The incidence of IA is 5% to 10% worldwide and disease is 1.24-1.6 times more common in women than in men. Optimal treatment for IA takes into account both
physiological and individual factors, such as vessels' localization, size and morphology, presence of thrombus, age, medical history, family history, and the overall health of a patient. IA prevention must be applied in individuals with two or more affected first-degree relatives.
IA risk factors: Aging Gender (female) / Smoking / Hypertension / Atherosclerosis / Alcohol and drug abuse (cocaine) / Head injury / Estrogen deficiency in menopause / Arteriovenous malformation / Carotid artery stenosis / Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease / Marfan syndrome / Ehlers-Danlos syndrome / Neurofibromatosis / Family history.
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease, during which pancreatic cells, which store and produce insulin, are damaged, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes result in high blood glucose levels causing serious health complications, including kidney failure, blindness, stroke, and heart diseases. Heritability plays a substantial role and accounts for ca 50% of T1D. According to recent studies, consuming adequate amounts of vitamin D in young adulthood may decrease the risk of adult-onset T1D by as much as 50%. The primary treatment is based on the monitoring of blood sugar levels; insulin injections are used every day to prevent long-term complications associated with the disease.
T1D risk factors: Family history / Viral infections / Lack of Vitamin D in young adulthood / Changes in the gut microbiota.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), also called non-insulin diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. In the case of this disease, the body is still able to produce insulin. T2D is caused by a lack of insulin produced by the pancreas or incorrect use of insulin. This leads to a situation when glucose is not able to perform its function as an energy molecule. WHO estimated there are 285 million people with this disease, which is equivalent to about 6% of the adult population worldwide. Symptoms of T2D are increased hunger with weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, areas of darkened skin, increased thirst, and frequent urination. Early testing for T2D could lead to better treatment and impairing glucose intolerance, resulting in a better outcome. For the prevention and treatment of diabetes, it is essential to maintain weight by ensuring a healthy diet and good exercise habits. Treatment may include the use of diabetes medications or insulin therapy.
T2D risk factors: Overweight / Insufficient physical activity / Family history of diabetes / High blood pressure / Increased waist circumference / Unhealthy diet / Ethnicity / Gestational diabetes.
Obesity
Overweight and obesity can be easily defined by the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared (kg/m2). According to the WHO, being overweight is defined as having a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9, and obesity as having a BMI greater than 30.0. At an individual level, obesity occurs when an increased amount of triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue and released later as free fatty acids, causing detrimental effects. Studies estimate the heritability of overweight and obesity to be 40%-70%, but the primary mechanism of obesity is permanent calorie imbalance: high caloric food intake with a sedentary lifestyle. Many studies have shown that increased BMI above 27 for both men and women increases mortality. On the other hand, a significantly low BMI in women indicates malnutrition and also leads to osteopenia, osteoporosis, and increases the risk of premature childbirth.
Obesity risk factors: Family lifestyle / Genetics / Inactivity / Unhealthy diet / Cushing´s syndrome / Prader-Willi syndrome / Psychological and social issues.
Graves Disease
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease and the most common cause of hyperthyroidism when thyroid glands make more thyroid hormone that the body needs. As a result, patients may have muscle weakness, sleep disorders, fast heartbeat, diarrhea, and eye problems such as bulging. According to population-based studies, estimated heritability is 40% to 50%. Women, especially in reproductive age, have a disease incidence several times higher than men. The current treatment of GD restores thyroid levels effectively but has serious side effects. Possible treatments include medication (anti-thyroid, radioiodine) and surgery.
GD risk factors: Family history / Gender and age (female under 40) / Autoimmune diseases / Stress / Smoking / Immune modulators / Pregnancy (genetically susceptible women).
Celiac Disease
Celiac Disease (CD) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with a very strong genetic component. The heritability of CD is estimated to be 31%. Intake of gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley) for people with CD causes damage in the small intestine, and nutrients are not properly absorbed. In general, it is estimated that 1% of the general population has CD, with a rate twice as high in females. Recent studies have shown the role of the human microbiome information on this disease. CD may be triggered by severe stress, physical injury, and infection. Adult occurrences of CD are more common than pediatric cases. The typical symptoms in children appear at age under 2 years with malabsorption and poor growth. A gluten-free diet is the only available and effective CD treatment. For severe small intestine damage, medication may be prescribed.
CD risk factors: 1st and 2nd degree relative with celiac disease / Type 1 diabetes / Down syndrome or Turner syndrome / Autoimmune thyroid disease / Liver diseases / Rheumatoid arthritis.
Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance (LI) is a widespread metabolic disorder caused by the inability to digest lactose due to a shortage of the lactase enzyme. Lactase activity is high during infancy when milk is the main source of nutrition and declines after the weaning phase in most mammals. Approximately 75% of the world’s population loses the ability to digest lactose. The prevalence of adult-type lactose intolerance varies depending on ethnicity, from less than 5% in northwestern Europe to almost 100% in some Asian populations. Clinical symptoms of LI usually begin 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating or drinking foods that contain lactose, such as dairy products. The severity of symptoms varies, depending on the amount of lactose each individual can tolerate. It is important to distinguish LI from other conditions, for example, irritable bowel syndrome, which has very similar symptoms. Treatment for lactose intolerance includes a lactose-restricted diet.
LI risk factors: Increasing age / Ethnicity (Southern Europeans, Asians) / LCT gene polymorphism -13910 GG genotype.
Gallstone Disease
Gallstone disease (GSD) is caused by crystallized and hardened bile components in the gallbladder leading to gallstones. 80% of gallstones are made of cholesterol and the other 20% of calcium salts and bilirubin. GSD is one of the most frequent health problems, affecting 10–15% of adults. GSD has been rare in childhood but has become increasingly recognized with the prevalence of obesity in the late teenage years. GSD is detected by abdominal ultrasound. Gallstones should be treated only if they cause symptoms. 80% of people with gallstones do not have any pain at all. Common symptoms are abdominal pain, fever, nausea or vomiting, clay-colored stools, a yellowish tint in skin, or eyes. Treatment options include laparoscopic gallbladder removal and medications to dissolve the gallstones.
GSD risk factors: Gender (female) / Age (60 or older) / Ethnicity (Northern Europeans, American Indians) / Pregnancy / Family history / Certain cholesterol medications / Overweight or obesity / Rapid weight loss / High fat or cholesterol diet / Excessive dietary fiber intake / Diabetes.
Higher consumption
Higher consumption of sweet food products, such as baked goods, candies, sweetened dairy products, chocolate, and sweetened soft beverages has a strong association with overweight and obesity, risk of diabetes, fractures, and dental caries. Sweet food products may lead to weight gain through high added-sugar content, low satiety, and incomplete compensation for total energy. Studies have shown that higher sweet food intake is partly determined by genes.
Higher sugar consumption risk factors: Family lifestyle / Genetic predisposition / Unhealthy diet / Psychological and social issues.
Folate
Folate (vitamin B9) plays an important role in DNA synthesis. Disturbed folate metabolism (FM) is implicated in many different diseases, including congenital birth defects, late pregnancy complications, Down syndrome, psychiatric disorders, osteoporosis, and cancer. Folate is an important nutrient for a healthy pregnancy. Population-based studies in Caucasians have an estimated 17% heritability effect for folate metabolism. The recommended daily intake is 400 micrograms (mcg) and up to 600 micrograms (mcg) for women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy. The primary dietary source of folate is green vegetables, beans, and liver.
FM disorder risk factors: Family history.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 carries an important role in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and blood cells. Deficiency can result in anemia, scaling on the lips, and cracking of the corners of the mouth, neurological and immune system disorders, elevated homocysteine levels (may lead to heart diseases). The main sources of vitamin B6 are whole grains, liver, chickpeas, nuts, seeds, etc. Smoking, alcohol, and caffeine inhibit the absorption of Vitamin B6. According to studies, the presence of certain genetic variants is associated with 12-18% lower vitamin B6 level. Sufficient vitamin B6 intake is particularly important for these individuals. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin B6 for adults is 1.9- 2,4 mg/day.
Vitamin B6 deficiency risk factors: Genetic predispositio / Kidney diseases / Malabsorption syndromes (celiac disease) / Heart failure / Liver cirrhosis / Thyroid problems / Alcoholism / Certain medications (antirheumatic, antiepileptic).
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is involved in DNA synthesis, neurological function, proper red blood cell formation, and also helps prevent homocysteine elevated levels (may lead to heart diseases). Deficiency is characterized by weakness, irritability, fatigue, poor memory, confusion, depression, and megaloblastic anemia. The best sources of vitamin B12 are beef liver, clams, salmon, sardines, and fortified cereals. Smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and long-term antibiotic use inhibit the absorption of vitamin B12. According to studies, the presence of certain genetic variants is associated with a 16% lower vitamin B12 levels. A strict vegetarian diet will result in significantly lower levels of vitamin B12, and such individuals should be monitored carefully for the deficiency. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin B12 for adults is 0,003 – 0,004 mg/day.
Vitamin B12 deficiency risk factors: Pernicious anemia / Lack of intrinsic factor (important for absorption) / Genetic disorders that affect absorption.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread problem affecting as many as one-half of otherwise healthy adults in developed countries. Vitamin D deficiency causes osteomalacia, childhood rickets, osteoporosis, and fractures because of reduced calcium absorption. Other consequences of vitamin D deficiency include cardiovascular diseases, T1D and T2D, obesity, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and cancers of breast, colon, and prostate. Vitamin D is produced mainly in the skin during exposure to sunlight. Although diet, intake of vitamin D supplements, and exposure to sunlight are known to influence serum vitamin D concentrations, genetic factors may also contribute to variability in vitamin D level, with estimates of heritability ranging from 23-80%. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adults is 600 international units (IU) of vitamin D a day.
Vitamin D deficiency risk factors: Little sun exposure / Older age / Obesity / Genetic predisposition / Poor dietary intake of vitamin D.
GENETIC PASSPORT® CHECK-UP //
INTRODUCING THE WORLD'S MOST ADVANCED DNA TEST.
Genetic Check-Up based on molecular DNA analysis of 150 gene regions. Genetic Passport determines the risks of nearly 40 genetic diseases, ranging from cancer to Alzheimer's, sports performance to obesity, and diabetes.
GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS
1) Breast Cancer (BC)
2) Lung Cancer (LC)
3) Colorectal Cancer (CC)
4) Gastric Cancer (GC)
5) Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
6) Bladder Cancer
7) Prostate Cancer (PC)
8) Melanoma
9) Atrial fibrillation (AF)
10) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
11) Intracranial aneurysm (IA)
12) Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
13) Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
14) Obesity
15) Type 1 diabetes
16) Type 2 diabetes
17) High blood pressure
18) Hyperthyroidism
19) Folate Metabolism
20) Gluten Intolerance
21) Lactose Intolerance
22) Sugar Consumption
23) Alzheimer
24) Osteoporosis
25) Multiple Sclerosis (MS),
26) Migraine with Aura
27) Psoriasis
28) Rheumatoid arthritis
29) The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
30) Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
31) Exfoliating glaucoma
32) Age-related macula degeneration (AMD)
33) Vitamine B12
34) Vitamine B6
35) Vitamine D
36) ACTN'3 (R577X)
37) ACE (I/D)
ANALYZED GENE REGIONS
Alzheimer disease APOE
Alzheimer disease APOE
Atrial fibrillation 4q25
Atrial fibrillation PITX2
Basal cell carcinoma PADI6 rs7538XXX
Basal cell carcinoma Intergenic rs801XXX
Bladder cancer TACC3
Bladder cancer MYC
Breast cancer TP53
Breast cancer RAD51B
Breast cancer ATM rs1800XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs1800XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs1800XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs1801XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs3092XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs3218XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs3218XXX
Breast cancer TNRC9
Breast cancer BRCA1
Breast cancer ATM
Breast cancer BRCA1 rs80357XXX
Breast cancer BRCA2
Celiac disease HLA-DQA1
Celiac disease HLA-DRA
Celiac disease Intergenic rs4639XXX
Celiac disease Intergenic rs4713XXX
Celiac disease Intergenic rs7454XXX
Celiac disease HLA-DQB1
Colorectal cancer SMAD7
Colorectal cancer Intergenic rs4779XXX
Colorectal cancer SMAD7
Colorectal cancer Intergenic rs6983XXX
Colorectal cancer TCF7L2
Coronary artery disease LPA
Coronary artery disease CDKN2B-AS1
Coronary artery disease Intergenic rs10757XXX
Coronary artery disease CDKN2B-AS1 rs2383XXX
Coronary artery disease CDKN2B-AS1 rs2383XXX
Coronary artery disease LPA
Exfoliating glaucoma LOXL1
Exfoliating glaucoma LOXL1 rs3825XXX
Folate Metabolism MTHFR
Gallstone disease ABCG8 rs11887XXX
Gastric cancer MTHFR rs1801XXX
Graves' disease IL-23R rs10889XXX
Graves' disease TNF-α rs1800XXX
Graves' disease TNF-α rs1800XXX
Graves' disease IL-23R rs2201XXX
Graves' disease IL-23R rs7530XXX
Intracranial aneurysm SOX17 rs10958XXX
Intracranial aneurysm CDKN2A/CDKN2B
Lactose intolerance MCM6 rs4988XXX
Lung cancer CHRNA3 rs1051XXX
Lung cancer HYKK rs8034XXX
Lung cancer CHRNA5 rs951XXX
Male pattern baldness Intergenic
Male pattern baldness Intergenic rs6625XXX
Melanoma MC1R rs1805XXX
Migraine with aura MTHFR rs1801XXX
Multiple sclerosis ILR2A
Multiple sclerosis HLA-DRA
Multiple sclerosis IL7R rs6897XXX
Obesity MC4R
Obesity MC4R
Obesity APOA2
Obesity PCSK1
Obesity APOA5
Obesity SH2B1
Osteoporosis LRP5 rs3736228
Osteoporosis LRP5 rs4988321
Peripheral arterial disease CHRNA5
Primary open-angle glaucoma SIX1
Primary open-angle glaucoma ATOH7
Primary open-angle glaucoma CAV1-CAV2
Primary open-angle glaucoma TMCO1
Prostate cancer FUNDC2P2
Prostate cancer Intergenic rs16901XXX
Prostate cancer CASC17
Prostate cancer Intergenic
Psoriasis TNF-α
Psoriasis LCE3D
Rheumatoid arthritis TRAF1
Rheumatoid arthritis Intergenic rs6457617
Rheumatoid arthritis STAT4
Sugar consumption SLC2A2
Systemic lupus erythematosus STAT4
Systemic lupus erythematosus IRF5
Systemic lupus erythematosus ITGAM
Systemic lupus erythematosus TNF-a
Systemic lupus erythematosus HLA-DQA1
Systemic lupus erythematosus SKIV2L
Systemic lupus erythematosus STAT4
Systemic lupus erythematosus ITGAM
Type 1 diabetes PTPN22
Type 1 diabetes CLEC16A
Type 1 diabetes STAT4
Type 1 diabetes HLA-DQA1
Type 2 diabetes CDKN2B
Type 2 diabetes Intergenic
Type 2 diabetes TCF7L2
Type 2 diabetes SLC30A8
Type 2 diabetes PPARG
Type 2 diabetes TCF7L2
Type 2 diabetes Intergenic
Type 2 diabetes Intergenic
Type 2 diabetes FTO rs9939XXX
Venous thromboembolism F2 rs1799XXX
Venous thromboembolism F5
Vitamin B12 FUT2
Vitamin B6 ALPL
Vitamin D CYP2R1
Vitamin D CYP2R1
Vitamin D GC
Vitamin D GC
Muscle type ACTN3
Cardiyac capacity ACE
REPORTING
●Determining the most common 40 genetic disease risks in the world in numerical rates.
●Comparing personal risks with population risks numerically.
●Separate disclosure of the measures required to reduce the genetic and environmental risk rates for each disease.
●Explanation of the trigger factors one by one according to the risk rate for each disease.
●Descriptive information of all environmental factors necessary to minimize or even eliminate risks by risk rate for each disease.
●Nutritional and exercise recommendations for each disease.
●Emergency response warning against high-risk rates.
●Assessing the possibility of increased risk after the interaction of other genetic regions despite the low risk of disease.
●Assessing the possibility of decreasing the risk after the interaction of other genetic regions despite the high risk of disease.
WELLNESS//
The secret to living healthier, longer, and more athletic is on the Genetic Passport's Wellness test panel.! What is in our Genetic Passport Wellness test panel based on molecular DNA analysis of 68 gene regions?
GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS
1) Immune System
2) Atrial fibrillation (AF)
3) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
4) Intracranial aneurysm (IA)
5) Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
6) Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
7) Obesity
8) Type 1 diabetes
9) Type 2 diabetes
10) Hyperthyroidism
11) Folate Metabolism
12) Gluten Intolerance
13) Lactose Intolerance
14) Sugar Consumption
15) Alzheimer
16) Osteoporosis
17) Rheumatoid arthritis
18) Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
19) Exfoliating glaucoma
20) Age-related macula degeneration (AMD)
21) Vitamine B12
22) Vitamine B6
23) Vitamine D
24) Sports Performance
REPORTING
●Determining the most common 24 genetic disease risks in the world in numerical rates.
●Comparing personal risks with population risks numerically.
●Separate disclosure of the measures required to reduce the genetic and environmental risk rates for each disease.
●Explanation of the trigger factors one by one according to the risk rate for each disease.
●Descriptive information of all environmental factors necessary to minimize or even eliminate risks by risk rate for each disease.
●Nutritional and exercise recommendations for each disease.
●Emergency response warning against high-risk rates.
●Assessing the possibility of increased risk after the interaction of other genetic regions despite the low risk of disease.
●Assessing the possibility of decreasing the risk after the interaction of other genetic regions despite the high risk of disease.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that predominantly affects joints that are lined with connective tissue responsible for maintaining the nutrition and lubrication of the joint. RA leads to loss of joint function due to the loss of muscle around the affected joint, causing pain and swelling. The acute phase of the disease leads to cardiovascular disorders and other comorbidities. Heritability plays a substantial role; studies of Northern European populations suggest that genetic factors account for about 50% of disease susceptibility. The worldwide incidence varies between 0.5% and 1%. RA treatment is symptomatic - medications are used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain in combination with physical and occupational therapy. The primary goal of the treatment is remission with no active joint inflammation. Surgery may be necessary if joints are severely damaged.
RA risk factors: Family history / Gender (female) / Age (mostly between 40- 60 years) / Smoking / Obesity / Late age at menarche.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects connective tissue and may provide many internal and cutaneous findings. Autoimmune attacks occur in the heart, joints, lungs, liver, skin, blood vessels, kidneys, etc. The estimated heritability of SLE disorder is 66%. The rate is 9 times higher in women than in men and the course of the disease is unpredictable. SLE is triggered by environmental factors in genetically predisposed people. SLE can be diagnosed by a few symptoms, such as malar rash, photosensitivity, discoid skin rash, kidney abnormalities, blood-count abnormalities, and brain irritation. The treatment is applied according to the personal features of a patient, such as symptoms, age, general health, and lifestyle.
SLE risk factors: Gender (female) / Age (between 15 and 45) / Race (African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians) / Family history.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is the common chronic inflammatory disorder that affects skin or joints or both. Under psoriasis, the immune system sends signals to the skin cells to grow faster than normal resulting in the formation of itchy, dry, red patches. Genetic heredity accounts for 50% for all five types of psoriasis. The prevalence varies from 0.91% in Southern Europe to 8.5% in Nordic countries. Psoriasis is prevalent equally for both sexes. The diagnosis is usually based on clinical findings and a skin biopsy is rarely needed. To date, psoriasis has no known way of prevention and treatment, but many therapies can reduce or nearly stop the symptoms.
Psoriasis risk factors: Family history / Smoking / Stress / Medications (β-blocking agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers) / Alcohol intake / Obesity / Viral and bacterial infections.
Alzheimer
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause (70%) of dementia worldwide, characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function, such as memory loss and changes in behavior. It is a chronic disease with progressive degeneration of brain cells and cell connections, causing a deterioration in mental function. The incidence rate for AD in European and American populations increases exponentially with age, especially at 70-80 years of age. AD is classified into early-onset (65 years) accounting for >95% of all cases. Late-onset heritability is 33% and affects men and women equally. Although the current treatment of AD with medications can’t stop the disease's progression, it helps lessen symptoms for a limited time. Creating a supportive environment for a person with AD is important.
AD risk factors: Older age / Family history / Gender (female) / Hemorrhagic and large ischemic cortical infarcts / White matter infarcts / Traumatic brain injury / Hypertension / T2D / Elevated cholesterol level and dyslipidemia / Metabolic syndrome / Smoking / Lack of exercise / Social inactiveness and low mental activity.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex condition caused by many contributing factors, such as environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors. In MS, the immune system attacks and damages myelin, the protective sheath of the nerve fibers. The disorder affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve in the eyes. Occurrence is 2-3 times higher in women than in men. The estimates for heritability of MS cover a wide range from 25% to 76%. Medication used for MS treatment is aimed at modification of the course of the disease, treating relapses, and managing symptoms. Physical therapy and relaxation are used to support the overall health condition.
MS risk factors: Overexposure to sunlight / Vitamin D deficiency / Latitude (Europe, North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan) / Epstein-Barr virus / Race (Northern European descent) / Smoking.
Migraine with Aura
Migraine with aura (MA), a subtype of migraine, is a chronic neurological and sometimes progressive disorder that is characterized by recurrent episodes of headache and associated conditions, such as vomiting and sensitivity to light, smells, and sounds. Aura symptoms, usually visual, precede the headache. During the migraine attack, blood vessels dilate in the brain, causing pain for 2 to 72 hours. Heritability of different migraine types is estimated to be 34–51%. Migraine can occur in any period of life, affecting women 2-3 times more than men. Migraine treatment involves acute and preventive therapy. Patients with migraines should be screened for cardiovascular traits, which should be treated first, then consulted by both neurologists and neurosurgeons. Prevention of migraine involves the combination of lifestyle factors and medications. Pain-relieving medications play an essential role in treatment.
MA risk factors: Family history / Gender (female) / Oral contraceptives / Hormonal changes.
Primary open-angle glaucoma
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure and progressive peripheral vision loss due to optic nerve damage. The disease is more prevalent and more difficult to control in African-Americans than in Europeans. In Europe glaucoma affects 1% to 2% of people aged over 50. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Typical symptoms of POAG are eye pain, blurred vision, halos around lights, and tunnel vision with gradual loss of peripheral vision in the later stages. Early diagnosis can minimize and prevent optical nerve damage. Medicated eye-drops are used to lower intraocular pressure. If the medications are ineffective or not tolerated, certain types of surgeries may be performed.
POAG risk factors: Older age / Ethnicity (Caucasian, African-American) / Myopia / Elevated intraocular pressure / Family history of glaucoma / Type 2 diabetes / Hypothyroidism / Corticosteroids use / Pseudoexfoliation / Cardiovascular disease.
Exfoliation glaucoma
Exfoliation glaucoma disease occurs in eyes with exfoliation syndrome (XFS). XFS is a disease in which the abnormal deposition of fibrillar extracellular material occurs in many ocular tissues. Patients with XFS have an increased risk of developing additional angle-closure glaucoma. Exfoliation glaucoma caused by XFS has a worse prognosis compared to primary glaucoma and requires more serious clinical treatment. Exfoliation glaucoma occurs worldwide and is strongly associated with elevated intraocular blood pressure and age. The highest prevalence is in the age group 70 and over. Recent studies have shown that glaucomas and XFS are often aspects of systemic conditions rather than isolated eye diseases. Topical medications for treatment tend to be less effective, laser therapy is frequently used. If adequate control is still not achieved, a guarded filtration may be performed.
Exfoliation glaucoma risk factors: Older age / Elevated intraocular pressure / Northern European ethnicities / Family history of glaucoma / Type 2 diabetes / Hypothyroidism / Corticosteroids use.