Warning! //
Our risk assessment system is based on the latest scientific and medical knowledge available in the most respected scientific and medical journals.
Please keep in mind that the risk calculation does not cover other than genetic factors. Environmental factors such as smoking, diet, stress, and physical activity play an important role in the development of the disease. In case your risk is low it does not guarantee that you will not have the disease, or in case of high risk, not means you may certainly develop the disease.
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease, during which pancreatic cells, which store and produce insulin, are damaged, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes result in high blood glucose levels causing serious health complications, including kidney failure, blindness, stroke, and heart diseases. Heritability plays a substantial role and accounts for ca 50% of T1D. According to recent studies, consuming adequate amounts of vitamin D in young adulthood may decrease the risk of adult-onset T1D by as much as 50%. The primary treatment is based on the monitoring of blood sugar levels; insulin injections are used every day to prevent long-term complications associated with the disease.
T1D risk factors: Family history / Viral infections / Lack of Vitamin D in young adulthood / Changes in the gut microbiota.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), also called non-insulin diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. In the case of this disease, the body is still able to produce insulin. T2D is caused by a lack of insulin produced by the pancreas or incorrect use of insulin. This leads to a situation when glucose is not able to perform its function as an energy molecule. WHO estimated there are 285 million people with this disease, which is equivalent to about 6% of the adult population worldwide. Symptoms of T2D are increased hunger with weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, areas of darkened skin, increased thirst, and frequent urination. Early testing for T2D could lead to better treatment and impairing glucose intolerance, resulting in a better outcome. For the prevention and treatment of diabetes, it is essential to maintain weight by ensuring a healthy diet and good exercise habits. Treatment may include the use of diabetes medications or insulin therapy.
T2D risk factors: Overweight / Insufficient physical activity / Family history of diabetes / High blood pressure / Increased waist circumference / Unhealthy diet / Ethnicity / Gestational diabetes.
Obesity
Overweight and obesity can be easily defined by the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI). BMI is the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared (kg/m2). According to the WHO, being overweight is defined as having a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9, and obesity as having a BMI greater than 30.0. At an individual level, obesity occurs when an increased amount of triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue and released later as free fatty acids, causing detrimental effects. Studies estimate the heritability of overweight and obesity to be 40%-70%, but the primary mechanism of obesity is permanent calorie imbalance: high caloric food intake with a sedentary lifestyle. Many studies have shown that increased BMI above 27 for both men and women increases mortality. On the other hand, a significantly low BMI in women indicates malnutrition and also leads to osteopenia, osteoporosis, and increases the risk of premature childbirth.
Obesity risk factors: Family lifestyle / Genetics / Inactivity / Unhealthy diet / Cushing´s syndrome / Prader-Willi syndrome / Psychological and social issues.
Graves Disease
Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease and the most common cause of hyperthyroidism when thyroid glands make more thyroid hormone that the body needs. As a result, patients may have muscle weakness, sleep disorders, fast heartbeat, diarrhea, and eye problems such as bulging. According to population-based studies, estimated heritability is 40% to 50%. Women, especially in reproductive age, have a disease incidence several times higher than men. The current treatment of GD restores thyroid levels effectively but has serious side effects. Possible treatments include medication (anti-thyroid, radioiodine) and surgery.
GD risk factors: Family history / Gender and age (female under 40) / Autoimmune diseases / Stress / Smoking / Immune modulators / Pregnancy (genetically susceptible women).
Celiac Disease
Celiac Disease (CD) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with a very strong genetic component. The heritability of CD is estimated to be 31%. Intake of gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley) for people with CD causes damage in the small intestine, and nutrients are not properly absorbed. In general, it is estimated that 1% of the general population has CD, with a rate twice as high in females. Recent studies have shown the role of the human microbiome information on this disease. CD may be triggered by severe stress, physical injury, and infection. Adult occurrences of CD are more common than pediatric cases. The typical symptoms in children appear at age under 2 years with malabsorption and poor growth. A gluten-free diet is the only available and effective CD treatment. For severe small intestine damage, medication may be prescribed.
CD risk factors: 1st and 2nd degree relative with celiac disease / Type 1 diabetes / Down syndrome or Turner syndrome / Autoimmune thyroid disease / Liver diseases / Rheumatoid arthritis.
Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance (LI) is a widespread metabolic disorder caused by the inability to digest lactose due to a shortage of the lactase enzyme. Lactase activity is high during infancy when milk is the main source of nutrition and declines after the weaning phase in most mammals. Approximately 75% of the world’s population loses the ability to digest lactose. The prevalence of adult-type lactose intolerance varies depending on ethnicity, from less than 5% in northwestern Europe to almost 100% in some Asian populations. Clinical symptoms of LI usually begin 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating or drinking foods that contain lactose, such as dairy products. The severity of symptoms varies, depending on the amount of lactose each individual can tolerate. It is important to distinguish LI from other conditions, for example, irritable bowel syndrome, which has very similar symptoms. Treatment for lactose intolerance includes a lactose-restricted diet.
LI risk factors: Increasing age / Ethnicity (Southern Europeans, Asians) / LCT gene polymorphism -13910 GG genotype.
Gallstone Disease
Gallstone disease (GSD) is caused by crystallized and hardened bile components in the gallbladder leading to gallstones. 80% of gallstones are made of cholesterol and the other 20% of calcium salts and bilirubin. GSD is one of the most frequent health problems, affecting 10–15% of adults. GSD has been rare in childhood but has become increasingly recognized with the prevalence of obesity in the late teenage years. GSD is detected by abdominal ultrasound. Gallstones should be treated only if they cause symptoms. 80% of people with gallstones do not have any pain at all. Common symptoms are abdominal pain, fever, nausea or vomiting, clay-colored stools, a yellowish tint in skin, or eyes. Treatment options include laparoscopic gallbladder removal and medications to dissolve the gallstones.
GSD risk factors: Gender (female) / Age (60 or older) / Ethnicity (Northern Europeans, American Indians) / Pregnancy / Family history / Certain cholesterol medications / Overweight or obesity / Rapid weight loss / High fat or cholesterol diet / Excessive dietary fiber intake / Diabetes.
Higher consumption
Higher consumption of sweet food products, such as baked goods, candies, sweetened dairy products, chocolate, and sweetened soft beverages has a strong association with overweight and obesity, risk of diabetes, fractures, and dental caries. Sweet food products may lead to weight gain through high added-sugar content, low satiety, and incomplete compensation for total energy. Studies have shown that higher sweet food intake is partly determined by genes.
Higher sugar consumption risk factors: Family lifestyle / Genetic predisposition / Unhealthy diet / Psychological and social issues.
Folate
Folate (vitamin B9) plays an important role in DNA synthesis. Disturbed folate metabolism (FM) is implicated in many different diseases, including congenital birth defects, late pregnancy complications, Down syndrome, psychiatric disorders, osteoporosis, and cancer. Folate is an important nutrient for a healthy pregnancy. Population-based studies in Caucasians have an estimated 17% heritability effect for folate metabolism. The recommended daily intake is 400 micrograms (mcg) and up to 600 micrograms (mcg) for women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy. The primary dietary source of folate is green vegetables, beans, and liver.
FM disorder risk factors: Family history.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 carries an important role in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and blood cells. Deficiency can result in anemia, scaling on the lips, and cracking of the corners of the mouth, neurological and immune system disorders, elevated homocysteine levels (may lead to heart diseases). The main sources of vitamin B6 are whole grains, liver, chickpeas, nuts, seeds, etc. Smoking, alcohol, and caffeine inhibit the absorption of Vitamin B6. According to studies, the presence of certain genetic variants is associated with 12-18% lower vitamin B6 level. Sufficient vitamin B6 intake is particularly important for these individuals. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin B6 for adults is 1.9- 2,4 mg/day.
Vitamin B6 deficiency risk factors: Genetic predispositio / Kidney diseases / Malabsorption syndromes (celiac disease) / Heart failure / Liver cirrhosis / Thyroid problems / Alcoholism / Certain medications (antirheumatic, antiepileptic).
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is involved in DNA synthesis, neurological function, proper red blood cell formation, and also helps prevent homocysteine elevated levels (may lead to heart diseases). Deficiency is characterized by weakness, irritability, fatigue, poor memory, confusion, depression, and megaloblastic anemia. The best sources of vitamin B12 are beef liver, clams, salmon, sardines, and fortified cereals. Smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and long-term antibiotic use inhibit the absorption of vitamin B12. According to studies, the presence of certain genetic variants is associated with a 16% lower vitamin B12 levels. A strict vegetarian diet will result in significantly lower levels of vitamin B12, and such individuals should be monitored carefully for the deficiency. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin B12 for adults is 0,003 – 0,004 mg/day.
Vitamin B12 deficiency risk factors: Pernicious anemia / Lack of intrinsic factor (important for absorption) / Genetic disorders that affect absorption.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread problem affecting as many as one-half of otherwise healthy adults in developed countries. Vitamin D deficiency causes osteomalacia, childhood rickets, osteoporosis, and fractures because of reduced calcium absorption. Other consequences of vitamin D deficiency include cardiovascular diseases, T1D and T2D, obesity, multiple sclerosis, asthma, and cancers of breast, colon, and prostate. Vitamin D is produced mainly in the skin during exposure to sunlight. Although diet, intake of vitamin D supplements, and exposure to sunlight are known to influence serum vitamin D concentrations, genetic factors may also contribute to variability in vitamin D level, with estimates of heritability ranging from 23-80%. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adults is 600 international units (IU) of vitamin D a day.
Vitamin D deficiency risk factors: Little sun exposure / Older age / Obesity / Genetic predisposition / Poor dietary intake of vitamin D.
GENETIC PASSPORT® CHECK-UP //
INTRODUCING THE WORLD'S MOST ADVANCED DNA TEST.
Genetic Check-Up based on molecular DNA analysis of 150 gene regions. Genetic Passport determines the risks of nearly 40 genetic diseases, ranging from cancer to Alzheimer's, sports performance to obesity, and diabetes.
GENETIC PREDISPOSITIONS
1) Breast Cancer (BC)
2) Lung Cancer (LC)
3) Colorectal Cancer (CC)
4) Gastric Cancer (GC)
5) Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
6) Bladder Cancer
7) Prostate Cancer (PC)
8) Melanoma
9) Atrial fibrillation (AF)
10) Coronary artery disease (CAD)
11) Intracranial aneurysm (IA)
12) Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
13) Venous thromboembolism (VTE)
14) Obesity
15) Type 1 diabetes
16) Type 2 diabetes
17) High blood pressure
18) Hyperthyroidism
19) Folate Metabolism
20) Gluten Intolerance
21) Lactose Intolerance
22) Sugar Consumption
23) Alzheimer
24) Osteoporosis
25) Multiple Sclerosis (MS),
26) Migraine with Aura
27) Psoriasis
28) Rheumatoid arthritis
29) The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
30) Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)
31) Exfoliating glaucoma
32) Age-related macula degeneration (AMD)
33) Vitamine B12
34) Vitamine B6
35) Vitamine D
36) ACTN'3 (R577X)
37) ACE (I/D)
ANALYZED GENE REGIONS
Alzheimer disease APOE
Alzheimer disease APOE
Atrial fibrillation 4q25
Atrial fibrillation PITX2
Basal cell carcinoma PADI6 rs7538XXX
Basal cell carcinoma Intergenic rs801XXX
Bladder cancer TACC3
Bladder cancer MYC
Breast cancer TP53
Breast cancer RAD51B
Breast cancer ATM rs1800XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs1800XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs1800XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs1801XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs3092XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs3218XXX
Breast cancer ATM rs3218XXX
Breast cancer TNRC9
Breast cancer BRCA1
Breast cancer ATM
Breast cancer BRCA1 rs80357XXX
Breast cancer BRCA2
Celiac disease HLA-DQA1
Celiac disease HLA-DRA
Celiac disease Intergenic rs4639XXX
Celiac disease Intergenic rs4713XXX
Celiac disease Intergenic rs7454XXX
Celiac disease HLA-DQB1
Colorectal cancer SMAD7
Colorectal cancer Intergenic rs4779XXX
Colorectal cancer SMAD7
Colorectal cancer Intergenic rs6983XXX
Colorectal cancer TCF7L2
Coronary artery disease LPA
Coronary artery disease CDKN2B-AS1
Coronary artery disease Intergenic rs10757XXX
Coronary artery disease CDKN2B-AS1 rs2383XXX
Coronary artery disease CDKN2B-AS1 rs2383XXX
Coronary artery disease LPA
Exfoliating glaucoma LOXL1
Exfoliating glaucoma LOXL1 rs3825XXX
Folate Metabolism MTHFR
Gallstone disease ABCG8 rs11887XXX
Gastric cancer MTHFR rs1801XXX
Graves' disease IL-23R rs10889XXX
Graves' disease TNF-α rs1800XXX
Graves' disease TNF-α rs1800XXX
Graves' disease IL-23R rs2201XXX
Graves' disease IL-23R rs7530XXX
Intracranial aneurysm SOX17 rs10958XXX
Intracranial aneurysm CDKN2A/CDKN2B
Lactose intolerance MCM6 rs4988XXX
Lung cancer CHRNA3 rs1051XXX
Lung cancer HYKK rs8034XXX
Lung cancer CHRNA5 rs951XXX
Male pattern baldness Intergenic
Male pattern baldness Intergenic rs6625XXX
Melanoma MC1R rs1805XXX
Migraine with aura MTHFR rs1801XXX
Multiple sclerosis ILR2A
Multiple sclerosis HLA-DRA
Multiple sclerosis IL7R rs6897XXX
Obesity MC4R
Obesity MC4R
Obesity APOA2
Obesity PCSK1
Obesity APOA5
Obesity SH2B1
Osteoporosis LRP5 rs3736228
Osteoporosis LRP5 rs4988321
Peripheral arterial disease CHRNA5
Primary open-angle glaucoma SIX1
Primary open-angle glaucoma ATOH7
Primary open-angle glaucoma CAV1-CAV2
Primary open-angle glaucoma TMCO1
Prostate cancer FUNDC2P2
Prostate cancer Intergenic rs16901XXX
Prostate cancer CASC17
Prostate cancer Intergenic
Psoriasis TNF-α
Psoriasis LCE3D
Rheumatoid arthritis TRAF1
Rheumatoid arthritis Intergenic rs6457617
Rheumatoid arthritis STAT4
Sugar consumption SLC2A2
Systemic lupus erythematosus STAT4
Systemic lupus erythematosus IRF5
Systemic lupus erythematosus ITGAM
Systemic lupus erythematosus TNF-a
Systemic lupus erythematosus HLA-DQA1
Systemic lupus erythematosus SKIV2L
Systemic lupus erythematosus STAT4
Systemic lupus erythematosus ITGAM
Type 1 diabetes PTPN22
Type 1 diabetes CLEC16A
Type 1 diabetes STAT4
Type 1 diabetes HLA-DQA1
Type 2 diabetes CDKN2B
Type 2 diabetes Intergenic
Type 2 diabetes TCF7L2
Type 2 diabetes SLC30A8
Type 2 diabetes PPARG
Type 2 diabetes TCF7L2
Type 2 diabetes Intergenic
Type 2 diabetes Intergenic
Type 2 diabetes FTO rs9939XXX
Venous thromboembolism F2 rs1799XXX
Venous thromboembolism F5
Vitamin B12 FUT2
Vitamin B6 ALPL
Vitamin D CYP2R1
Vitamin D CYP2R1
Vitamin D GC
Vitamin D GC
Muscle type ACTN3
Cardiyac capacity ACE
REPORTING
●Determining the most common 40 genetic disease risks in the world in numerical rates.
●Comparing personal risks with population risks numerically.
●Separate disclosure of the measures required to reduce the genetic and environmental risk rates for each disease.
●Explanation of the trigger factors one by one according to the risk rate for each disease.
●Descriptive information of all environmental factors necessary to minimize or even eliminate risks by risk rate for each disease.
●Nutritional and exercise recommendations for each disease.
●Emergency response warning against high-risk rates.
●Assessing the possibility of increased risk after the interaction of other genetic regions despite the low risk of disease.
●Assessing the possibility of decreasing the risk after the interaction of other genetic regions despite the high risk of disease.